The Difference Between Fixed and Floating Brake Calipers
Brake calipers are essential to your vehicle's braking system, controlling how smoothly and effectively you can stop. Whether you're commuting to work or driving in performance situations, calipers make sure braking force is applied in a precise and controlled way.
When choosing between fixed and floating brake calipers, it's important to understand how each one works. This can help you figure out which type is best suited to your driving needs and the performance you're looking for.
In this blog, we’ll cover the differences between these two types of brake calipers and what they mean for your driving experience.
What are fixed brake calipers?
Fixed brake calipers get their name from the way they work. Unlike floating calipers, which move as part of the braking process, fixed calipers stay mounted in a set position over the brake disc. Inside the caliper, there are pistons on both sides of the brake pads. When you press the brake pedal, hydraulic pressure pushes these pistons toward the disc, squeezing the pads against the disc to create friction.
The big advantage of fixed brake calipers is that they provide consistent pressure on both sides of the brake pads. This even pressure is what makes them so good at delivering strong stopping power, especially in high-performance or racing situations. Since fixed calipers don’t move, they are more robust and stable, which means better handling and control, especially when driving at higher speeds.
One drawback is that fixed calipers are usually more expensive to produce and install. However, their superior performance makes them a popular choice in high-end or performance vehicles where precision and power are key.
What are floating brake calipers?
Floating brake calipers, also called sliding calipers, are designed to move or "float" along a track. They have pistons only on one side of the caliper, so when you press the brake pedal, the pistons push the brake pads against the disc from one side, while the caliper itself slides to apply pressure on the opposite side.
Floating calipers are typically lighter and simpler in design, which makes them more affordable than fixed calipers. They're commonly used in standard road vehicles because they’re cost-effective and work well for everyday driving. However, they aren’t as precise as fixed calipers and can sometimes cause uneven pressure on the brake pads. Over time, this can lead to uneven wear, which reduces braking performance and increases maintenance costs.
Despite this, floating calipers are perfectly adequate for most everyday driving situations, providing solid stopping power and durability for regular use.
Performance differences between fixed and floating calipers
When it comes to performance, the main difference between fixed and floating brake calipers is how they handle pressure and heat. As we mentioned earlier, fixed calipers distribute pressure evenly across both sides of the brake pads. This improves stopping power and helps reduce the risk of uneven pad wear. Fixed calipers also manage heat better, which is really important in high-performance situations where the brakes are under constant stress.
Floating calipers, by contrast, apply pressure from just one side, which can make the braking experience feel less even. This can affect performance in situations that require precision and control, like fast cornering or heavy braking when towing. Floating calipers also tend to build up heat more quickly, which can make them less efficient over time. While they’re great for general driving, they might not be the best option for those who need top-tier performance.
Durability and maintenance
Taking care of both types of calipers is essential to ensure good braking performance and vehicle safety.
Floating brake calipers usually need more attention over time. Because they move and apply less even pressure, they can run into problems like sticking, uneven brake pad wear, or issues with the caliper sliding. If these problems aren’t dealt with, they can hurt your braking performance and lead to expensive repairs.
Fixed brake calipers, on the other hand, are more durable in the long run. Their fixed position and sturdy build mean they’re less likely to have the same issues as floating calipers. However, if something does go wrong, like worn pistons or seals, repairs can be more costly because of the calipers' complex design.
Which brake caliper is right for you?
Deciding between fixed and floating brake calipers depends mostly on how you drive and what you use your vehicle for. If you drive a high-performance car or frequently take part in activities that require precise control and powerful braking, fixed calipers are probably the better choice. Their better stopping power, stability, and heat management make them ideal for these situations.
On the other hand, if you’re driving a regular car and don’t need high-performance braking, floating calipers will likely do the job. They offer reliable braking for everyday driving and are more affordable to maintain.
Choosing the right caliper comes down to balancing your performance needs and your budget. Both types have their advantages, and understanding the difference between them can help you make an informed decision about your vehicle’s braking system.